Abstract: myopia is mainly defined as an eye disease in which the distant vision is significantly reduced and the near vision is basically normal due to the parallel light or image focus imaging from infinity in front of the retina. If you don’t understand, please review the optical part of physics in junior middle school., If it can be called disease, myopia is one of the highest incidence rate diseases in China. According to the relevant surveys, the incidence rate of myopia among Chinese teenagers is as high as 60%, among which the incidence rate of myopia among adolescents over 18 is 75%. At the same time, according to the data released by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, one quarter of the world’s population suffers from myopia, and the number of patients exceeds 1 billion., However, as such a common disease, the pathogenesis of myopia is still inconclusive., Before discussing the causes of myopia, we need to confirm the definition of myopia., The main definition of myopia is an eye disease in which the distant vision is significantly reduced and the near vision is basically normal due to the parallel light or image focus imaging from infinity in front of the retina. If you don’t understand, please review the optical part of physics in junior middle school. Myopia is divided into refractive myopia and axial myopia. The former is very rare compared with the latter. As the most common type of myopia, axial myopia is that the image cannot fall on the retina because the axis of the eye becomes longer. The so-called ocular axis is the anterior and posterior axis of the eyeball. The length of the ocular axis of normal people is generally 23. 0 to 23. 5mm, the average myopia increases by 0 for every Baidu. 37 mm, which is also the cause of exophthalmos in patients with myopia, especially severe myopia., Myopia, a sign of knowledge?, This is probably the most important statement about the causes of myopia in the past. Because according to Westerners, the incidence rate of myopia among people who did not receive systematic education was only 2%, while in urban areas, about 1/3 of them received myopia glasses. In an article entitled age reading and myopia published by Dr. John fangle of the University of Virginia in 1978, he pointed out that through his research on several 12-17-year-old American teenagers, the average myopia increased by 22 degrees for each additional year of study. Based on this obvious relationship and universal cultural identity (think of the film and television works in the 1950s and 1960s. Intellectuals and eyes are never separated). Ms. Rowling in Britain made little Harry Potter wear myopia glasses, although it would make him feel a little inconvenient when flying around on a broomstick. “Myopia, the symbol of sweet life”,
If it can be called disease, myopia is one of the highest incidence rate diseases in China. According to the relevant surveys, the incidence rate of myopia among Chinese teenagers is as high as 60%, among which the incidence rate of myopia among adolescents over 18 is 75%. At the same time, according to the data released by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, one quarter of the world’s population suffers from myopia, and the number of patients exceeds 1 billion.
however, as such a common disease, the pathogenesis of myopia is still inconclusive.
before discussing the causes of myopia, it is necessary for us to confirm the definition of myopia.
myopia is mainly defined as an eye disease in which the distant vision is significantly reduced and the near vision is basically normal due to the parallel light or image focus imaging from infinity in front of the retina. If you don’t understand, please review the optical part of physics in junior middle school. Myopia is divided into refractive myopia and axial myopia. The former is very rare compared with the latter. As the most common type of myopia, axial myopia is that the image cannot fall on the retina because the axis of the eye becomes longer. The so-called ocular axis is the anterior and posterior axis of the eyeball. The length of the ocular axis of normal people is generally 23. 0 to 23. 5mm, the average myopia increases by 0 for every Baidu. 37 mm, which is also the cause of exophthalmos in patients with myopia, especially severe myopia.
myopia, a sign of knowledge?
this is probably the most important statement about the causes of myopia in the past. Because according to Westerners, the incidence rate of myopia among people who did not receive systematic education was only 2%, while in urban areas, about 1/3 of them received myopia glasses. In an article entitled age reading and myopia published by Dr. John fangle of the University of Virginia in 1978, he pointed out that through his research on several 12-17-year-old American teenagers, the average myopia increased by 22 degrees for each additional year of study. Based on this obvious relationship and universal cultural identity (think of the film and television works in the 1950s and 1960s. Intellectuals and eyes are never separated). Ms. Rowling in Britain made little Harry Potter wear myopia glasses, although it would make him feel a little inconvenient when flying around on a broomstick.
myopia, the symbol of sweet honey life?
in 1969, with FA Yang A scientific research team led by Professor fayoung investigated the eyesight of Inuit people. Among 284 Inuit people aged 11-40, 149 were short-sighted; among 131 Inuit people over 41, only two were short-sighted. Because the old Inuit people lived in diaspora in the past, they almost had no education, and the young people had lived a settled life and accepted the standard beauty Professor Yang and his companions have naturally become myopic education determinists. However, things do not seem so simple. The book “my life with the Eskimo” published by anthropologist v. Stefanson in 1919 describes the Eskimos (old Inuit name) spend a lot of time making tools and mending clothes in the dim light of the long polar night every day. Compared with immersing yourself in reading at school, these jobs don’t seem to be much easier.
in fact, as early as 1966, e. case Dr. ECASS suggested that the change of Inuit diet may have led to the high incidence of myopia – it was only at the beginning of the last century that the Inuit diet changed from fish and seal meat to bread, cereal, potatoes and sugar – these sweet carbohydrates.
in 2002, L. koday of Colorado State University The research team led by Professor Loren CordainStudies conducted by 229 indigenous tribes further support this hypothesis. He said: “on the island of Vanuatu, children receive eight hours of compulsory education every day, but their incidence rate of myopia is only 2%. The difference between them is that they eat fish, cassava and cocoa. They never eat white bread.
Professor further study found that high glucose diet and myopia depend on insulin-like growth factors. (IGF). Carbohydrates such as starch and sucrose can stimulate the body to produce a large amount of insulin, and the increase of insulin level leads to the increase of IGF. IGF is an important factor for our body growth. It can not only make us grow tall and fat and promote sexual maturity, but also make the eye axis grow longer. Professor koday’s partner, from the University of Sydney, Australia Dr. brand Miller pointed out that it has long been found that children with myopia are generally higher and earlier.
myopia, gene determinism?
With the gradual decipherment of the human genome, the fundamental human nature has gained a greater space to play. People increasingly believe that all appearances of human beings must have the essence of a gene. Myopia is no exception. It is not difficult for us to find out from our daily experience that some guys have bright eyes no matter how hard they eat sugar, read books day and night and play computer all night. Researchers at St. Thomas Hospital in London compared 506 pairs of twins and found that a gene called Pax-6 seems to be closely related to myopia. Pax-6 is a common gene related to eye development in various animals. For example, in Drosophila, researchers can make eyes on its legs by manipulating Pax-6. If Pax-6 mutates, it will generally lead to eyeball loss, so the researchers believe that it is likely that a regulatory region of Pax-6 determines the occurrence of myopia.
another study by Professor Ge Jian of Sun Yat sen University in China also suggests the correlation between Pax-6 and myopia. His research team put glasses on macaques The macaques were kept in confinement (making them have to look at things close to them all day) and other methods to make them become myopic. Professor Ge Jian found that the Pax-6 gene of these myopic macaques became active.
this seems to explain why about 2% of people with congenital myopia and some people are not easy to get myopia.
Any determinism is one-sided
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Pax-6 gene, which can help us better understand myopia. However, it can not explain why the incidence rate of myopia has soared in the past hundred years. Our philosophy education tells us that any change is the result of the interaction of internal and external factors, and myopia is no exception. The change of diet structure increases IGF in our body; With the shrinking of living space, books, newspapers, TV, computers and mobile phones, our eyes always look close; The emergence of artificial lighting has greatly increased the time for people to use their eyes… All this has changed our Pax-6 or other genes, so that everyone has become an “intellectual”.