Abstract: what incidence rate of myopia in our country will be higher and higher? Are there more and more people with myopia? According to the current medical research, the formation and development of myopia are mainly caused by two aspects: genetic factors and environmental factors., The incidence rate of myopia in China has increased year by year, and it is still low in the middle of 70s, accounting for 15% to 20%. It has soared to 55% or even 80% since the 1990s. In 1998, the incidence rate of myopia in the world ranked fourth in the world, and increased to second in twenty-first Century. The incidence rate of myopia has been increasing gradually since small city, medium sized city to big city, and the age of onset is younger. Such development will seriously affect the physical quality of our people. Countries and individuals will spend more money to treat myopia and its complications. It will not only seriously affect children’s physical and mental health, but also affect their admission to school, military and employment in the future. It has become a public health issue of common concern at home and abroad., What incidence rate of myopia in our country will be higher and higher? Are there more and more people with myopia? According to the current medical research, the formation and development of myopia are mainly caused by two aspects: genetic factors and environmental factors., Let’s talk about genetic factors first. The molecular genetics of myopia has made a series of important progress in recent years. So far, 14 myopia gene loci have been found, which are encoded as myp1-14: including 6 autosomal dominant high myopia gene loci, 2 X-linked recessive high myopia gene loci and 6 simple myopia gene loci. Foreign investigation reports also prove that the history of parental myopia is one of the independent and important factors determining the occurrence of myopia. Pathological myopia is basically determined by heredity; Second, simple myopia is a multifactorial inheritance determined by heredity and environment at the same time. In addition, according to the myopia research results of twins, heredity plays about 60% and environment plays about 40% in determining the individual differences of myopia. Among the refractive elements of our eyes, the genetic index of ocular axis length and corneal refractive power is higher, which also shows that genetic factors play a greater role in determining the difference of individual ocular axis length and corneal refractive power. Whether an individual has myopia depends on whether its myopia susceptibility exceeds a certain threshold. Myopia susceptibility is the sum of each individual’s genetic factors and environmental factors. Genetic factors are the consequence of the effects of multiple genes, and the effects of these genes are equivalent, micro effect and accumulation. When the additive effect exceeds a certain threshold, it presents disease. When environmental factors also play a role, it becomes multifactorial inheritance. Foreign statistics show that the occurrence of myopia is related to race. The incidence rate of myopia among yellow people is the highest, and that of white race is the lowest. The above data show that Chinese people are generally susceptible to myopia from the perspective of physique, which is obviously affected by external factors of bad eye use., Let’s look at environmental factors. At present, the competitive pressure of society is increasing. Parents can’t help transferring the pressure to the newborn children, even the children in the mother’s womb, for the sake of their children’s future. After school, the government asked the leaders for political achievements, the school asked the teachers for grades, and the teachers forced the students to test their grades. After students are admitted to a famous university, they can find a better job in the future Therefore, children keep learning, learning and learning. In addition, the current technology is becoming more and more developed. Smart phones, iPads, laptops, desktop computers, game consoles and so on make countless children obsessed with games happy, but their eye health slips away in high excitement. Close overuse is the main and most important environmental factor leading to myopia. After the child is born, the eyes are not mature, and the axial length increases from 16.5mm at birth to 24mm at the age of 16. It is vulnerable to external adverse environmental factors, which is a high-risk period of myopia. For example, some people are weak and catch a cold when it is windy or rainy; Some people are strong and won’t get sick after being exposed to the rain. Long time computer plays a similar role. Some children play computer games every day. They can not be short-sighted. Some children can not play long eyesight. The foreign experts have made a comparison. The children of Singapore and Singapore children have the same reading time. The incidence rate of myopia in Singapore is high, and the development is fast. The final research results show that children in Australia spend 2 hours more outdoors every day than children in Singapore. Therefore, the time of outdoor activities is very important not only for the health of eyes, but also for the health of the whole body and mind. Therefore, it is recommended that primary and secondary school students should spend no less than 2 hours of outdoor activities every day and no less than 18 hours of outdoor activities every week. Especially kindergartens and primary schools., High myopia is one of the important causes of serious visual impairment and blindness at home and abroad. It accounts for 20% to 30% of blindness or low vision. The ocular axis is the most important parameter among the three elements of refraction. For every 1mm increase in the ocular axis, myopia will increase by 250 degrees to 300 degrees. Pathological myopia is mostly due to the atrophy and degeneration of retina and choroid caused by long ocular axis, resulting in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, macular degeneration and bleeding. These fundus diseases can’t be treated by surgery like cataract. Patients may spend a lot of money, but their eyesight will never recover! The quality of life of patients will be seriously affected., The current medical technology can not cure myopia. Some parents will have illusions that they will do laser surgery to cure myopia after their children are 18 years old. This is a very wrong understanding, not to mention that surgery will have a certain risk. The operation itself only changes the refractive power of the cornea by cutting off a layer of corneal tissue by laser, so as to improve the naked vision, but it can not change the formed myopia structure. Take an inappropriate example, like an apple with its skin peeled. If there are insects in it, even if it is fresh outside, it will rot inside, For high myopia, the axis above 27mm may be pathological myopia, and above 28mm must be pathological myopia. For children: those aged 5 years ≥ 400 degrees, 6-8 years ≥ 600 degrees and 9 years ≥ 800 degrees are high myopia. Therefore, special attention should be paid to children whose parents have myopia, whose myopia occurs early and whose ocular axis is longer than the normal value. With correct treatment and good eye hygiene habits, children’s myopia may not develop to 600 degrees, 800 degrees or even more than 1000 degrees; The ocular axis may not grow to 27, 28, or evenTo 37mm, serious complications will be avoided as much as possible. Avoid seriously affecting the quality of life., Myopia not only affects children’s enrollment, employment and joining the army, but also leads to a significant decline in the quality of life if serious complications occur. The whole society and family will bear the economic burden. Therefore, it is urgent to start from childhood, treat early and prevent scientifically!, The incidence rate of
myopia in China has increased year by year, and it is still relatively low in the middle of 70s, accounting for 15% to 20%. It has soared to 55% or even 80% since the 1990s. In 1998, the incidence rate of myopia in the world ranked fourth in the world, and increased to second in twenty-first Century. The incidence rate of myopia has been increasing gradually since small city, medium sized city to big city, and the age of onset is younger. Such development will seriously affect the physical quality of our people. Countries and individuals will spend more money to treat myopia and its complications. It will not only seriously affect children’s physical and mental health, but also affect their admission to school, military and employment in the future. It has become a public health issue of common concern at home and abroad. What is the incidence rate of myopia in
? Are there more and more people with myopia? According to the current medical research, the formation and development of myopia are mainly caused by two aspects: genetic factors and environmental factors.
let’s talk about genetic factors first. The molecular genetics of myopia has made a series of important progress in recent years. So far, 14 myopia gene loci have been found, which are encoded as myp1-14: including 6 autosomal dominant high myopia gene loci, 2 X-linked recessive high myopia gene loci and 6 simple myopia gene loci. Foreign investigation reports also prove that the history of parental myopia is one of the independent and important factors determining the occurrence of myopia. Pathological myopia is basically determined by heredity; Second, simple myopia is a multifactorial inheritance determined by heredity and environment at the same time. In addition, according to the myopia research results of twins, heredity plays about 60% and environment plays about 40% in determining the individual differences of myopia. Among the refractive elements of our eyes, the genetic index of ocular axis length and corneal refractive power is higher, which also shows that genetic factors play a greater role in determining the difference of individual ocular axis length and corneal refractive power. Whether an individual has myopia depends on whether its myopia susceptibility exceeds a certain threshold. Myopia susceptibility is the sum of each individual’s genetic factors and environmental factors. Genetic factors are the consequence of the effects of multiple genes, and the effects of these genes are equivalent, micro effect and accumulation. When the additive effect exceeds a certain threshold, it presents disease. When environmental factors also play a role, it becomes multifactorial inheritance. Foreign statistics show that the occurrence of myopia is related to race. The incidence rate of myopia among yellow people is the highest, and that of white race is the lowest. The above data show that Chinese people are generally susceptible to myopia from the perspective of physique, which is obviously affected by external factors of bad eye use.
let’s look at environmental factors. At present, the competitive pressure of society is increasing. Parents can’t help transferring the pressure to the newborn children, even the children in the mother’s womb, for the sake of their children’s future. After school, the government asked the leaders for political achievements, the school asked the teachers for grades, and the teachers forced the students to test their grades. After students are admitted to a famous university, they can find a better job in the future Therefore, children keep learning, learning and learning. In addition, the current technology is becoming more and more developed. Smart phones, iPads, laptops, desktop computers, game consoles and so on make countless children obsessed with games happy, but their eye health slips away in high excitement. Close overuse is the main and most important environmental factor leading to myopia. After the child is born, the eyes are not mature, and the axial length increases from 16.5mm at birth to 24mm at the age of 16. It is vulnerable to external adverse environmental factors, which is a high-risk period of myopia. For example, some people are weak and catch a cold when it is windy or rainy; Some people are strong and won’t get sick after being exposed to the rain. Long time computer plays a similar role. Some children play computer games every day. They can not be short-sighted. Some children can not play long eyesight. The foreign experts have made a comparison. The children of Singapore and Singapore children have the same reading time. The incidence rate of myopia in Singapore is high, and the development is fast. The final research results show that children in Australia spend 2 hours more outdoors every day than children in Singapore. Therefore, the time of outdoor activities is very important not only for the health of eyes, but also for the health of the whole body and mind. Therefore, it is recommended that primary and secondary school students should spend no less than 2 hours of outdoor activities every day and no less than 18 hours of outdoor activities every week. Especially kindergartens and primary schools.
high myopia is one of the important reasons for serious visual impairment and blindness at home and abroad. It accounts for 20% to 30% of blindness or low vision. The ocular axis is the most important parameter among the three elements of refraction. For every 1mm increase in the ocular axis, myopia will increase by 250 degrees to 300 degrees. Pathological myopia is mostly due to the atrophy and degeneration of retina and choroid caused by long ocular axis, resulting in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, macular degeneration and bleeding. These fundus diseases can’t be treated by surgery like cataract. Patients may spend a lot of money, but their eyesight will never recover! The quality of life of patients will be seriously affected.
the current medical technology can not cure myopia. Some parents will have illusions that they will do laser surgery to cure myopia after their children are 18 years old. This is a very wrong understanding, not to mention that surgery will have a certain risk. The operation itself only changes the refractive power of the cornea by cutting off a layer of corneal tissue by laser, so as to improve the naked vision, but it can not change the formed myopia structure. An inappropriate example is like an apple with its skin peeled. If there are insects in it, even if it is fresh outside, it will rot inside
for high myopia, the ocular axis above 27mm may be pathological myopia, and above 28mm must be pathological myopia. For children: those aged 5 years ≥ 400 degrees, 6-8 years ≥ 600 degrees and 9 years ≥ 800 degrees are high myopia. So for those parentsChildren with myopia, early onset of myopia and longer than normal eye axis should pay special attention. With correct treatment and good eye hygiene habits, children’s myopia may not develop to 600 degrees, 800 degrees or even more than 1000 degrees; The ocular axis may not grow to 27, 28, or even 37mm, and serious complications will be avoided as much as possible. Avoid seriously affecting the quality of life.
myopia not only affects children’s enrollment, employment and joining the army, but also leads to a significant decline in the quality of life if serious complications occur. The whole society and family will bear the economic burden. Therefore, it is urgent to start from childhood, treat early and prevent scientifically!